Sabouraud-Leclerc D, Mariotte D, Bradatan E, Divaret-Chauveau A, Metz-Favre C, et al.
Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology •
The European Regulation list on mandatory labelling of foods includes 14 allergenic foods; however, other foods are also frequently implicated in food-induced anaphylaxis (FIA). We analysed FIA cases reported to the Allergy Vigilance Network from 2002 to 2023. Allergenic foods involved in ≥ 1% of cases and not included in the list were assessed as emerging food allergens (EFA). We assessed their frequency, severity (Ring classification), recurrence, and potential presence in hidden form to determine which allergens might warrant inclusion on the list. Among 2999 FIA cases (Ring grades 2-4), 413 cases (13.8%) met the selection criteria, divided into eight allergenic foods or food groups: goat's and sheep's milk (GSM, n = 84; 2.8% of the cases), buckwheat (n = 71; 2.4%), peas and lentil (n = 55; 1.8%), alpha-gal (n = 50; 1.7%), pine nut (n = 49; 1.6%), kiwi (n = 44; 1.5%), beehive products (n = 30; 1.0%), and apple (n = 30; 1.0%). Severe reactions (Ring grades 3 and 4) were reported with GSM (46.8% and 4.8%, respectively, including two fatalities), buckwheat (46.5% and1.4%), peas-lentil (20% and 1.8%), alpha-gal (54% and 8%), and Grade 3 reactions were reported with pine nut in 49%, kiwi 54.5%, beehive products 33.3% and apple 46.7%. Recurrent reactions and hidden exposures were reported with GSM (56% and 15.5%), buckwheat (49.3% and 16.9%), peas-lentil (7.3% and 9.0%) and pine nut (12.2% and 4.1%). We identified eight foods frequently involved in FIA and not currently listed in the European regulation. Given their frequency, severity, recurrence, and potential for hidden exposure, we propose that four-goat's and sheep's milk, buckwheat, peas-lentil, and pine nut-be considered for inclusion in the list.
van Steenberghe M, Schubert T, Xhema D, Bouzin C, Guiot Y, et al.
The Journal of surgical research •
Glutaraldehyde-treated pericardia for cardiovascular applications have poor long-term clinical results. The efficacy of a combined physical/chemical treatment to improve pericardium biocompatibility and vascular regeneration was assessed and compared with detergent treatment and two commercial bovine pericardia: PeriGuard (DGBP) and Edwards pericardium (nDGBP). The physical and chemical process was applied to bovine and human pericardia (DBP-DHP), and the detergent process was applied to bovine (DDBP). Native (NBP) and treated bovine tissues were assessed for decellularization (HE/DAPI/DNA/α-Gal and MHC-1 staining) and mechanical integrity ex vivo. Twenty Wistar rats received subcutaneous patches of each bovine tissue to assess immunogenic response up to 4 months (flow cytometry). Ten additional rats received four subcutaneous bovine-treated patches (one/condition) to evaluate the inflammatory reaction (CD3/CD68 immunostaining), calcification (von Kossa staining/calcium quantification), and integration assessment (Hematoxylin and eosin staining). Finally, 15 rodents received a patch on the aorta (DBP n = 5, DHP n = 5, and DGBP n = 5), and vascular biocompatibility and arterial wall regeneration were assessed after 4 months (CD3/CD68/CD31/ASMA and Miller staining). DBP reached the higher level of decellularization, no immunogenic response whereas maintaining mechanical properties. DBP induced the lowest level grade of inflammation after 2 months (P < 0.05) concomitantly for better remodeling. No complications occurred with DBP and DHP where vascular regeneration was confirmed. Moreover, they induced a low level of CD3/CD68 infiltrations. This process significantly reduces immunogenicity and improves biocompatibility of bovine and human pericardia for better vascular regeneration.
van Steenberghe M, Schubert T, Guiot Y, Bouzin C, Bollen X, et al.
Cell and tissue banking •
Glutaraldehyde preservation is the gold standard for cardiovascular biological prosthesis. However, secondary calcifications and the absence of tissue growth remain major limitations. Our study assessed in vitro and in vivo the biocompatibility of human (fascia lata, pericardium) and porcine tissues (pericardium, peritoneum) treated with a physicochemical procedure for decellularization and non-conventional pathogens inactivation. Biopsies were performed before and after treatment to assess decellularization (HE/Dapi staining/DNA quantification/MHC I/alpha gal immunostaining) and mechanical integrity. Forty-five rats received an abdominal aortic patch of native cryopreserved tissues (n = 20), treated tissues (n = 20) or glutaraldehyde-preserved bovine pericardium (GBP, control, n = 5). Grafts were explanted at 4 weeks and processed for HE/von Kossa staining and immunohistochemistries for lymphocytes (CD3)/macrophages (CD68) histomorphometry. 95% of decellularization was obtained for all tissues except for fascia lata (75%). Mechanical properties were slightly altered. In the in vivo model, a significant increase of CD3 and CD68 infiltrations was found in native and control implants in comparison with decellularized tissues (p < 0.05). Calcifications were found in 3 controls. Decellularized tissues were recolonized. GBP showed the most inflammatory response. This physicochemical treatment improves the biocompatibility of selected xeno/allogeneic tissues in comparison with their respective native cryopreserved tissues and with GBP. Incomplete decellularization is associated with a significantly higher inflammatory response. Our treatment is a promising tool in the field of tissue decellularization and tissue banking.
